I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings. :: essays research papers

The Effects of One Person Upon The WorldFrom an apprehensive child growing up in a small town in Arkansas, Maya Angelou has evolved into an influential, wise, and respected wo mankind. She has overcome obstacles and has grown into one of the lite intellectual people of this country, and perhaps the world. Along her numerous struggles, various people stand given her compulsive guidance and passed down their knowledge to her. Among these people was Mrs. Bertha Flowers, a person in which Maya respected greatly. She was a dignified person that Maya could strive to achieve the gratitude that Mrs. Flowers gave to the people near her, a sense of appreciation. In her life story, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Maya Angelou attributes her characteristics she has acquired today, being influential, wise, and respected, to Mrs. Flowers, who shows her the power of a juncture, the knowledge of literature, and pride in her race, and turns a self-conscious girl, into one of the most profound w riters of our time.Mrs. Flowers enlightened Maya on the importance, and dominant effect, of expression through an individual voice. Earlier in her life, Maya was sexually molested and raped, and as a result, became dormant towards society. This was such a traumatizing event in her life that struck her obviously, in a physical sense, but moreover, mentally. Where she was once a brilliant trounce child, she became a quiet, somber adult. As a result of this, Mrs. Flowers stepped in and told Maya to, &8220&8230bear in mind, language is man&8217s way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals. The intellect and beauty of Mrs. Flowers was shown through this quote which she educated Maya. If that was the only thing she ever mentioned to Maya, the beauty of the words alone could have changed her from a cocoon sleeping in the darkness, into a butterfly fluttering alongside the sun. Without Mrs. Flowers introduction and reasoning to speech, Maya would never have realized the power of the voice and would have been dormant from society the rest of her life.In addition to the importance of voice, Mrs. Flowers opened Maya&8217s to literature, and the knowledge it brings. Earlier in Angelou&8217s life, she was interested in comics and some poetry, but now a new outlook was imposed upon her, the power literature.

1015 Folsom Night :: essays research papers

There atomic number 18 many night monastic orders in the city of San Francisco and passim the Bay area. There is two different kind of nightclub. One is the high-class nightclub, which the cover charge is more expensive, tight security and the nightclub itself is more exclusive. The opposite one is the lower class club, which all tribe can enter and the security is not that tight. Nowadays, most nightclubs are the same. Nightclub used to be for people to meet their wizs and having fun to goher but nowadays many people misuse nightclub as a place for using drug. I neer like to go to nightclub because the place is very noisy, dark and lastly drugs are often involve in nightclub.It took me a few hours to decide which club to go. I am a person who likes to stay at home watching television, playing video games and surfing through the Internet. Well, it was very hard for me to go out, as my legs felt heavy to walk through the front door. After a long struggle, then I forced myself t o go to a nightclub. My friend recommended me to go to 1015 Folsom nightclub because the songs are funkier. The club is located at Folsom street, downtown San Francisco.We arrived at 1015 Folsom around 11.45pm. Many people were still lining up to get into the discotheque. I didnt know why people like to go to such a dark and noisy place like that. Anyway, people who were there are mostly dressed up. Some of them looked interesting. My attention went to an old man about 50-60 years old man who were already dressed up and ready to contention his world. I wondered why would the old man go to a nightclub. May be he was lonely or may be he was fairish looking for fun and excitement. Well, I didnt really know.Ten minutes after lining up, I went inside the nightclub. From the door, I could hear the song and the beat of the abstruse so loud that my heart could feel it. Inside the nightclub, I saw people were dancing everywhere, on dancing floor, on their own seats, everywhere. They would dance and dramatize a big gulp of their beer. Even the bartenders were dancing too, following the rhythm of the loud funky music. The rainbow rays of light moved through the club to make the bodily fluid even more exciting and funky.

Reincarnation Essay examples -- Law of Karma Papers

Reincarnation I suppose in the world, today, there are really three approaches to the thought of reincarnation. A two-fold unmatchable in the West, where the idea itself is almost non-existent, either a belief in the transmigration of souls - that you could be a human being in one carriage and an animal in the next, and therefore that there is great danger in swiping flies and treading on ants because it could be your grandmother -- or simply an reside in past lives. That is almost the sole interest in the concept of rebirth in the West. In the East, broadly speaking, people do believe in reincarnation and, correctly, in relation to the impartiality of Karma. Unfortunately, even in the East, the Law of Karma is seen from an erroneous point of view. Of course, here and there, both in East and West, there is a correct interpretation and approach to the idea of rebirth, and its close connection with the Law of Action and Reaction, Cause and Effect. In the Orient, most peop le believing in the Law of Karma accept that they are who and where they are because of their actions in a previous life, which is true only if, unfortunately, they think they can do nonhing about changing their particular situation, which is not true. In the West, we tend to think that we are totally in control of our destiny, which we are to some extent, but that there is no greater law governing our destiny, which is not true. The Westerner tends to reject the idea of a future life. It is an idea which is only just beginning to engage peoples minds. If he thinks about it at all, he really thinks about it in terms of If I have a future life, I must have had a past life and if I had a past life it is interesting to know w... ...ally artificial and man-made. The poverty, the squalor, the degradation and the misery of people in the Third World is not necessary, it is not a result of karma, but of our greed. And we have the major responsibility to help them change these conditi ons and enter true living. People think of karma as always from the past life, but what about yesterdays karma, or the day before, last weeks, last months karma? It is this succession of moments of action and reaction which today we are coping with, which tomorrow and in our next life we will cope with. Until we come into right relationship with each other and with the whole of which we are a part, we will go on making fully grown karma. It is more important, more useful, to realize the benefit of right relationship, thus handling the Laws of Karma and Rebirth correctly, than to know our past lives.

Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement E

Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement A free market economy allows a nation to expect open and reach (to an extent) rivalry while utilizing the resources available in the most effective manner. However, it is not perfect and can lead to any(prenominal) problems such as someone supreme the whole market or, in different war crys, having a monopoly or monopoly power. Also, there could be cartels, which atomic number 18 when companies will soak up agreements that ?abandon competitor between themselves in order to increase their profit? (? substance of the President? 1). Both of these are dangerous for the economy because they not scarcely harm competition for smaller businesses simply likewise the consumer, who is forced to pay some(prenominal) prices the companies agree upon. These dangers for the economy create a need for the national governments to have anti-monopoly laws that ban such practices. However, with the creation of these la ws also comes the need for the enforcement of them, and so there are many new government agencies that work to make sure they are enforced. Some countries and organizations that have these laws and enforcement agencies over competition are Turkey and the European Union, which includes Italy and Greece. Anti-monopoly or fair laws, mainly work against an imbalance of competition in a free market economy. In other words, they work against the ?abuse of dominant localization? or ?a situation of economic power held by a firm, which allows it to hinder effective competition in the relevant market.? To fight this possibility antitrust laws work to prevent infringements of the laws by businesses. The laws work to rule out anything that restricts competition whether it is cartels, monopolies, or other agreeme... ...ar of being monopolized. whole shebang Cited?Abuse of Dominant Position.? Rekabet Kurumu.? http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ehakimdurum.html 12 Dec, 2003.? fair Reform frequently asked questions.? http//www.europa.eu.int/news/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003.? faithfulness no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.? AGCM HomePage. 13 Oct. 1990. Italy. 8 Jan. 2004 . Path Legislation Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.?Message of the President.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ebaskanmesaj.html 12 Dec, 2003. ? intelligence agency Releases.? AGCM HomePage. http//www.agcm.it/eng/index.htm 12 Dec, 2003.?The Act on the Protection of Competition No. 4054.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/word/ekanun.doc 12 Dec, 2003.http//www.europa.eu.int/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003http//www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leglen/lvb/126005.htm 16 Dec. 2003. Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement EAnti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement A free market economy allows a nation to have open and equal (to an extent) competition while utilizing the resources available in the most effective manner. However, it is not perf ect and can lead to some problems such as someone controlling the whole market or, in other words, having a monopoly or monopoly power. Also, there could be cartels, which are when companies will make agreements that ?abandon competition between themselves in order to increase their profit? (?Message of the President? 1). Both of these are dangerous for the economy because they not only harm competition for smaller businesses but also the consumer, who is forced to pay whatever prices the companies agree upon. These dangers for the economy create a need for the national governments to have anti-monopoly laws that ban such practices. However, with the creation of these laws also comes the need for the enforcement of them, and so there are many new government agencies that work to make sure they are enforced. Some countries and organizations that have these laws and enforcement agencies over competition are Turkey and the European Union, which includes Italy and Greece. Anti-monop oly or antitrust laws, mainly work against an imbalance of competition in a free market economy. In other words, they work against the ?abuse of dominant position? or ?a situation of economic power held by a firm, which allows it to hinder effective competition in the relevant market.? To fight this possibility antitrust laws work to prevent infringements of the laws by businesses. The laws work to rule out anything that restricts competition whether it is cartels, monopolies, or other agreeme... ...ar of being monopolized.Works Cited?Abuse of Dominant Position.? Rekabet Kurumu.? http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ehakimdurum.html 12 Dec, 2003.?Antitrust Reform frequently asked questions.? http//www.europa.eu.int/news/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003.?Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.? AGCM HomePage. 13 Oct. 1990. Italy. 8 Jan. 2004 . Path Legislation Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.?Message of the President.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ebaskanmesaj.html 12 Dec, 2003. ?News Release s.? AGCM HomePage. http//www.agcm.it/eng/index.htm 12 Dec, 2003.?The Act on the Protection of Competition No. 4054.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/word/ekanun.doc 12 Dec, 2003.http//www.europa.eu.int/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003http//www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leglen/lvb/126005.htm 16 Dec. 2003. Anti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement EAnti-monopoly laws in Turkey, Greece, and Italy,and Their Enforcement A free market economy allows a nation to have open and equal (to an extent) competition while utilizing the resources available in the most effective manner. However, it is not perfect and can lead to some problems such as someone controlling the whole market or, in other words, having a monopoly or monopoly power. Also, there could be cartels, which are when companies will make agreements that ?abandon competition between themselves in order to increase their profit? (?Message of the President? 1). Both of these are dangerous for the economy because they not only harm competition for smaller businesses but also the consumer, who is forced to pay whatever prices the companies agree upon. These dangers for the economy create a need for the national governments to have anti-monopoly laws that ban such practices. However, with the creation of these laws also comes the need for the enforcement of them, and so there are many new government agencies that work to make sure they are enforced. Some countries and organizations that have these laws and enforcement agencies over competition are Turkey and the European Union, which includes Italy and Greece. Anti-monopoly or antitrust laws, mainly work against an imbalance of competition in a free market economy. In other words, they work against the ?abuse of dominant position? or ?a situation of economic power held by a firm, which allows it to hinder effective competition in the relevant market.? To fight this possibility antitrust laws work to prevent infring ements of the laws by businesses. The laws work to rule out anything that restricts competition whether it is cartels, monopolies, or other agreeme... ...ar of being monopolized.Works Cited?Abuse of Dominant Position.? Rekabet Kurumu.? http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ehakimdurum.html 12 Dec, 2003.?Antitrust Reform frequently asked questions.? http//www.europa.eu.int/news/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003.?Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.? AGCM HomePage. 13 Oct. 1990. Italy. 8 Jan. 2004 . Path Legislation Law no. 287 of October 10th, 1990.?Message of the President.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/ebaskanmesaj.html 12 Dec, 2003. ?News Releases.? AGCM HomePage. http//www.agcm.it/eng/index.htm 12 Dec, 2003.?The Act on the Protection of Competition No. 4054.? Rekabet Kurumu. http//www.rekabet.gov.tr/word/ekanun.doc 12 Dec, 2003.http//www.europa.eu.int/index_en.htm 16 Dec. 2003http//www.europa.eu.int/scadplus/leglen/lvb/126005.htm 16 Dec. 2003.

Thurgood Marshall Essay examples -- Papers Civil Rights Biography Essa

Thurgood MarshallDuring the 20th century I have read many books, newspaper articles and seen news broadcasts on devil of the most famous Afro American Pioneers Martin Luther King and Thurgood Marshall. Martin Luther King fought all his life for equal rights for Afro Americans, alone Thurgood Marshall help elevate the Afro American civil rights struggles by means of sub judice precedents and timely court decisions. Thomas G. Kraftenmaker a professor of Constitutional law at Georgetown University Law Center wrote, When I think of great American lawyers I think of Thurgood Marshall, Abe Lincoln and Daniel Webster. In this century totally Earl Warren approaches Marshall. Thurgood Marshall is certainly the most important lawyer of the 20th century. Thurgood Marshall is the only black leader in American History who can argue that he defeated segregation where it really counts in court. Thurgood Marshall devised a legal strategy based on The United States Constitution he forced rights to be extended equally to even the poorest and most disadvantaged citizens. Thurgood Marshall was natural on July 2, 1908 in Baltimore Maryland. Thurgood Marshall many life accomplishments were instill upon him through his parents Norma Arica Marshall and William Canfield Marshall. Thurgoods mother Norma Arica Marshall was one of the first Afro Americans to graduate from Columbia University. Thurgoods pay back William Canfield Marshall was the first black person to serve on Baltimores grand jury in the 20th century. Thurgood Marshall was a premed dental scholar at Lincoln University in Oxford Pennsylvania. As a junior, Thurgood met and eventually married his first wife Vivian Buster Burey, after graduation Thurgood went to the prominent Howard Law School i... ... at the age of 84 dies from a massive heart attack. Thurgood Marshall name can be mention in the same tone as Martin Luther King, some(prenominal) made big changes in the racial segregation culture and they did it wi thout using violence. Today our society still isnt perfect, we still have to deal with crime and unemployment, but least Today Afro Americans have the right to vote, attend any school or college of their choice, and eat anywhere in a restaurant. Thurgood Marshall (Mr. Civil Rights) we advise what you have accomplished. RESOURCESJuan Williams Marshalls Law 7 Jan1990*http//www.thurgoodmarshall.com.home.htmKen Love Thurgood Marshall 9 Feb1997*http//members.aol.com/klove01/marshall.htmThurgood Marshall (1908-1993) New York Times 26 Jan 1993http//www.ai.iit.edu//isbell/hth/blavck/events_and people/html/001.thurgood_marshall.html

Views Toward Christians :: essays research papers

Some of the most important writings of the Apostolic Age were those of the new will and the Apocryphal writings. These apocryphal writings resembled the New Testament writings, and many of them fell into the literary categories of gospel, acts, letters, and apocalypses. These writings did not belong neither to the New Testament mandate nor did the writings recognize any of the fathers of the church. Some of the documents were compose for initiates in groups such as the Gnostics. For the groups that claimed knowledge derived from a secret tradition, the works were genuinely apocryphal, which means, "books kept hidden." Others were written for open and general use in the churches of which their authors were members. Many of these simply failed to become accepted as part of the orthodox canon of the Bible. There are many different views toward Christians. From an intellectual point of view, Christians agree with others as far as to follow Christ, and many have viewed them as a people who believe in the divine inspiration of the entire Bible and that this bible is sufficient enough to guide us in the right direction concerning all of our matters of faith. They view us (myself being a Catholic) as a people who believe that the moral principles of Jesus are the absolute truth, and that the New Testament must be our single guide in religious faith. On the other hand, there are those who view Christians.On the other hand, There were those who had sworn that Christians were atheists. They claimed that Christians were Atheist because they did not latria traditional religion. People actually believed that Christians supported no religion at all and were nothing other than non believers. They had also claimed that Christians practiced incest among one another because of their family gatherings at dinner time. Although not everyone believed these stories, they were still spread throughout many of the religious communities.The celebrations and the belief in the real, physical presence of Christ in the Eucharist grew from the teachings of the evangelists and St. Paul. They make it plain to the apostolic Church that the Eucharistic elements were literally Jesus Christ continuing His saving mission among men. The Eucharist celebrations began because of the Christians devotion and faith of the Real front end of Christ in the Holy Eucharist. The celebration of the Eucharist is founded on our Catholic doctrine and it is grounded on the solid rock of our Christian revelation.

Views Toward Christians :: essays research papers

Some of the most important literary works of the Apostolic Age were those of the new testament and the Apocryphal writings. These apocryphal writings resembled the New Testament writings, and m whatsoever of them fell into the literary categories of gospel, acts, letters, and apocalypses. These writings did not belong neither to the New Testament canon nor did the writings recognize any of the fathers of the church. Some of the documents were written for initiates in groups such as the Gnostics. For the groups that claimed knowledge derived from a secret tradition, the works were genuinely apocryphal, which means, "books kept hidden." Others were written for open and general using up in the churches of which their authors were members. Many of these simply failed to become accepted as part of the orthodox canon of the Bible. There are many different views toward Christians. From an intellectual come in of view, Christians agree with others as far as to follow Christ, and many have viewed them as a people who believe in the divine inspiration of the whole Bible and that this bible is sufficient enough to guide us in the right direction concerning all of our matters of faith. They view us (myself being a Catholic) as a people who believe that the moral principles of Jesus are the absolute truth, and that the New Testament must be our only guide in phantasmal faith. On the other hand, there are those who view Christians.On the other hand, There were those who had sworn that Christians were atheists. They claimed that Christians were Atheist because they did not worship traditional religion. People actually believed that Christians supported no religion at all and were nothing other than non believers. They had also claimed that Christians practiced incest among one another because of their family gatherings at dinner time. Although not everyone believed these stories, they were compose spread throughout many of the religious communities.The celebra tions and the belief in the real, physical presence of Christ in the Eucharist grew from the teachings of the evangelists and St. Paul. They made it plain to the apostolic church service that the Eucharistic elements were literally Jesus Christ continuing His saving mission among men. The Eucharist celebrations began because of the Christians devotion and faith of the Real Presence of Christ in the Blessed Eucharist. The celebration of the Eucharist is founded on our Catholic doctrine and it is grounded on the solid rock of our Christian revelation.

Mass Communication Essay

According to historical evidence, oral exchange of intelligence agency was the common mode of conversation in ancient India, whereas the modern medium of communication system was originated since the close of the eighteenth century. The present inquiry deals with variety of sub topics when analyzing Indian throng media. The coverage, universality, diversification, westernization, commercialization, engineering science, entertainment, education, politics, sex, violence, women and children, atomic number 18 some of such topics which are deeply and sociologically analyzed in the study.The print media, Radio, TV, and movies are taken into account as comprised of Indian fold media through and throughout the study. Having unders to a faultd that the nature of weed media is determined by amicable conditions, a Herculean attempt is do to understand Indian mass media as a manifestation of social implications in connectedness with the society of India. According to study, Indian mass media is a symbol as well as a reflection of India society, which is extremely heterogeneous, divers(a), and most importantly, a place of wide range of opinions.These criteria are relative, since the earliest forms of mass media (the printed book or pamphlet) were limited to the minority of a society that happened to be ijc-journalhotmail. com 20 literate and relatively close to the place of publication. There has been a continuous line of development of technologies since the earliest forms of media (rock paintings) to the latest digital forms that have expanded the capacity, speed and efficiency of transmission (McQuail, 2000). Meanwhile, as Block (1979) argues, mass media refers to methods of message transmission over space and time.Media involves a communication mathematical operation by which messages are sent through space both the ijcjournalgmail. com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 20111(1) channels have come into existence and have been attra cted by millions of listeners. Moreover, in India, Television made a humble debut when Doordarshan (DD) was initiated in 1959. Today, Television service is available throughout the country, directly as terrestrial TV and through cable operators, as planet TV. When taking Films into consideration, India? s first Film was screened in 1896.Today, Indian Film industry which is widely known as Bolliwood is the largest Film industry in the ball, producing over 800 Films annually. The present inquiry deals with variety of sub topics when analyzing Indian mass media. The coverage, popularity, diversification, westernization, commercialization, technology, entertainment, education, politics, sex, violence, women and children, are some of such topics which are deeply and sociologically analyzed in this regard. The print media, Radio, TV, and Films are taken into account as comprised of Indian mass media throughout the study.Having understood that the nature of mass media is determined by soc ial conditions, a Himalayan attempt is made to understand Indian mass media as a manifestation of social implications prevalent in association with the society of India. It is due to this reason that a Sociological analysis is applied throughout the study as it bringsthe hidden realities of Indian society in superior general and its mass media in particular. Popularity Although it is evident that the overall popularity of mass media has been increasing, it is notable that this popularity varies in different media.In colonial India, print media had acquired an immense popularity among people as the vehicle of 21 sender and receiver devote time within that process (Hornic, Schlinger, 1981). So, in generally, as McQuail (2000) points out, it is not incorrect to denote the idea that the term mass media? is shorthand to describe means of communication that operate on a large scale, reaching and involving virtually everyone in a society to a great or less(prenominal)er degree. It refer s to a number of media that are now longestablished and familiar, such as newspapers, magazines, take aim, radio, television and the phonograph (recorded music).As historical factors indicate, oral exchange of news was the common method of communication in ancient India. As Malhan (1992) illustrates, religions and religious places (places of worship) employed every available medium of communication in that period. In addition, cleanse places, tanks, riverbanks, sea shores, chopals also acted as forms of communication. It is also evident that educational institutions equally played a significant role in activating the process of communication in India in the past. The modern medium of communication system is seen to be originated in the land of India since the end of the eighteenth century.The print media came into existence at the end of the eighteenth century symbolizing the first modern medium of communication and information. Indian press right away is one of the largest in th e world with more than 30,000 Newspapers make with an annual circulation that exceeds 55 million copies. Meanwhile, it is true to defer that India was among one of the earliest countries to adopt broadcasting.The cable subscriber base has increased from around 0. 05 million in the early 90s? to around 24 million by 1999-2000. Today, it is possible to view over 75 channels over satellite cable Television. In both case, as many studies do suggest, the prevalence of audio-visual media has not crippled the popularity of films. As Malhan (1992) suggests, even though TV and Video provide most of the ingredients within the inhabitation with all the comforts, people still prefer to see pictures on wider screens in crowded halls.In fact, Films provide the most direct communication to the mind and images do not need to be translated to be understood. It cuts language barriers and can be enjoyed by both the educated and the fool a ilk. The songs and dances in Films are immensely popular a mong masses and popular Film stars live in the hearts of common people for generations. What is interesting to see is that Western audiences are becoming more enkindle in Indian Films, which has made Indian Films a global phenomenon. Diversification The diversification has been a notable feature in Indian mass media.This symbolizes the variation of India? s people. In 2001, India had 45,974 newspapers 22 independent movement and the voice of the people. Nevertheless, it is evident that this popularity shifted to Radio and TV with their emergence as audio-visual media, and this shift is significant after independency. Simultaneously, newspapers made a detachment of the general public. It is true that newspapers today have become a class medium. According to the present estimates, newspapers are purchased and read by less than 20% of India? s total population.Meanwhile, the broadcasting media have the capacity to reach out to the people in every four corners of the country. By indic ating the popularity of Indian Radio, Malhan (1992) illustrates, as a comparatively low cost spoken word medium, it has become a constant companion for farmers, workers, travelers, sports lovers and for all those who are interested in news, music, drama, test programs, farm bulletins, or views of eminent persons on public affairs. Because of its low cost and easy availability, it has been a common man? s paradise, and for people, a symbol of social respectability as well.However, it is incorrect to mention that the existence of print media has been totally paralyzed today, rather, evidence indicate that particularly the book publishing industry has been ontogeny at an exceedingly higher level, with around 10,000 publishers and around 40,000 new titles every year. The domestic publishing market is in fact one of largest in the world today. Since its beginning, Television has acquired an immense popularity as the key media in the world. According to one idea, it is clear that Televis ion is central to the processes of media saturation.Indeed, Television is central to modern society in all (Abercrombie, 1997). The popularity of Television symbolizes the increase of ijc-journalhotmail. com ijcjournalgmail. com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 20111(1) large country where many languages are spoken. Each of the larger languages supports its own Film industry Urdu/Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam. Accordingly, the Indian film industry is placed in diverse regions as follows ? ? ? ? ? ? ?The Hindi/Urdu film industry, ground on Mumbai is called Bollywood The Marathi film industry, based on Mumbai and Pune The Tamil film industry, based on Chennai, Tamilnadu The Bengali film industry, based on Kolkata, West Begall The kannada film industry, based on the state of Karnataka The Telugu film industry, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh based on including 5364 daily newspapers published in over 100 languages. The largest number of newspapers were published in Hindi (20,589), followed by English (7,596), Marathi (2,943), Urdu (2,906), Bengali (2,741), Gujarati (2,215), Tamil (2,119), Kannada (1,816), Malayalam (1,505), and Telugu (1,289).The diversification is also apparent in Indian Broadcasting media. For instance, All India Radio? s (AIR) programs have been diversified over the years. Today, its home service programs are transmitted for 3. 91 hours every year. In addition, there are also external service transmissions which present programs in 17 foreign languages and 8 Indian languages for over 56 hours daily. AIR broadcasts programs for surplus audiences and occasions. Specific programs are relayed for the armed forces, women and children, youth students, industrial workers, and rural and tribal people.Fourteen stations broadcast daily programs twice a week in regional languages for women with the objective of providing entertainment and imparting information on household topics. Programs on family we lfare, a very important information sector for the welfare of the women are planned and produced by 36 family welfare units at various broadcasting networks. These programs are integrated with the general programs as well as those meant for special audiences like rural, folk, women, youth, and industrial workers (Malhan,1992).Indian Television has achieved an immense success in reaching wide range of viewers. The prevalence of over 75 channels itself indicates its veracity. Doordarshan (DD) alone offers diverse national, regional, and local service for Indian Television viewers. The diversification is immensely visible in association with Indian Films. India is a ijc-journalhotmail. com The Malayalam film industry, based on the state of Kerala What all these factors suggest is that Indian mass media are highly diversified in order to access multitude of people.Commercialization/ Westernization In the present scenario, it has been often put forward the fact that Indian mass media ar e enormously subject to commercialization and Westernization. This is particularly true with regard to Television and Cinema. As D? Souza (1998) indicates, contemporary film making is a big financing venture more than ever before. It is usually controlled by commercial consideration rather than the essential o the art. Films make no demands on the power of thinking, rather, ignore it for the sake of commerce.This argument is supported by Malhan (1992) when he denotes the fact that the Cinema after independence is predominately commercial so far as feature films are concerned. 23 ijcjournalgmail. com Tilak Wijesundara International Journal of Communicology 20111(1) advertisements or advertorials is disguised as news. Whatever it is, it can be assumed that the process of commercialization and westernization have been in a tremendous enhancement after 1990s than ever before, with the introduction of liberalization and privatization policies.Technology It is vitreous silica clear that all the mainstream mass media in India are under the impact of high technological appliances. As Malhan (1992) indicates, the advanced technologies such as adaptation of satellite communication and broadcasting, electronic printing, electronic and digital technology, extensive use of Tele-communication, internet and computer machinery are enormously benefited by the print media today. Television and Radio too has no exception in this direction. Moreover, Indian Cinema is in extreme use of new and effective technology in the process of Film making, preserve and screening.However, as D? Souza (1998) points out, even though India has been using an increasing level of technology, very powerful political and economic forces have gained control over technology in general and communication system in particular. This has obstructed the communication flow from and to the grass root level. What is indeed true is that Indian mass media today are in the hands of few business houses and compan ies. As Sahay et al (2006) remarks, the most visible change is the growing influence of commercial departments in the media companies in India.

How the National Debt Crisis Affects My Life

How the National Debt Crisis Affects My Life Today the debate over the national debt crisis has many U. S. citizens concern about their pecuniary future. With our national debt capital set at 14. 3 trillion dollars, and with debt rapidly accruing, the decision to raise the debt ceiling must be made soon. Although both the Democratic and Republican parties bring on their own opinions on how to fix the issue, a decision must be made before August 2, 2011. Without a solution, the Treasury would not have the ascendence to borrow any more money.This means that the nation will be unable to make the necessary payments on debt, and also will result in defaulting on prior obligations. While both Democrats and Republicans debate on whats best, my worries of financial security and my future goals seem to be in jeopardy. As I watch the debates on whether to raise taxes, lower taxes, cut social security, or decrease funding, the more my stress levels seem to rise. As an enlisted member of the U. S. Air Force, my financial stability comes from the decisions of the government. The ability to provide food, shelter and clothing for my family is very important to me.Although Ive managed to save money, its not enough to cover the effects of missing a full months pay. According to Dr. Alan Manevitz As Americans continue to face rising gas and food costs, some individuals are actually turn physically sick from financial worries (Manevitz, 2008). When theres no money to fill the piggy banks, I often ask myself how will we survive? The imagination of not knowing where our next meal will come from sickens me to my core. The stress involved continues to rise as I wait. No one knows at this level what decision will be implemented.Either way, the need for tighter budgets within my internal and external family will need to transpire. Because of the current steadyts involving the national debt crisis, weve been forced to cut venture on the things that provide comfort to my family as a whole. Tighter budgets in my household means a lack of leisure activities, smaller meals, and cutting back on just about anything we can think of. All of the things that heighten moral will be replaced with more creative money saving aspects. Although this plan whitethorn improve our financial status overall, no one likes to live significantly below their means.If Congress doesnt raise the debt limit, all active duty members of the military would tick getting paid next month (OMara, 2011). Where the military was once the saving grace for financial stability amongst the middle class, the outlook is looking dim as we wait for a decision. This ultimately puts my plans of future endeavors at a standstill. Having goals and not being able to reach them makes me feel inferior. It is the glue-less fabric of my slow demise. My dreams of being financially stable are in the hands of lawmakers. Based on the odds, both ends of the spectrum are not pleasing to my heart.Like many of my fell ow Americans, I would bop the opportunity to live the dream. Finding funding to support my entrepreneurial endeavors seem slim to none or very vague. Without bootstrapping cash, my startup ideas cease to exist until raise notice. Banks are now limited on the amount they can lend due to constraints. They also would like to know that I contributed a good dowery of the necessary startup capital into the business ( chew out & Bradstreet, 2011). This seems impossible when making sure every penny is put into the best place.I cant swallow up about my dreams of getting engaged to my beautiful girlfriend. Numerous studies have shown that money is the No. 1 reason why couples argue and many of the recently disunite say those battles were the main reason why they untied the knot (Todorova, 200,). Thats a scary thought when thinking about getting married. Its an even scarier thought when thinking about having children. Knowing that we would be raising them to eventually incur our debts as a society is devastating. In conclusion, a decision on what to do next as a nation has to be made.The overall outcome of this decision will affect every person in the united States. From business owners to employees, we will all need to find our means to survive. Whether its through controlled cast offing or working multiple jobs, more money has to be put away in a secure place. Its up to the Democratic and Republican parties to decide on a solution at this point, and hopefully the worries of financial stability will diminish in the eyes of many. Its time for the government to take a stand and make the impossible possible. ? References Dun & Bradstreet. (2011, March). Bank Loans For Small Businesses.Retrieved from http//smallbusiness. dnb. com/business-finance/business-loans/2542-1. html Manevitz, A. (2008, June). Debt Stress Making People Sick. Retrieved from http//http//www. cbsnews. com/video/watch/? id=4181440n OMara, M. (2011, July 14). Debt Crisis Could Delay Military Pay. R etrieved from http//www. ktvb. com/community/blogs/maggie-omara/Debt-crisis-could-delay-military-pay125566258. html Todorova, A. (200, June 11). The Six Financial Mistakes Couples Make. Retrieved from http//www. smartmoney. com/spend/family-money/the-six-financial-mistakes-couples-make-15414/

Prufrock in Progress

Prufrock in Progress In A Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by T. S. Eliot, the primary(prenominal) cite, J. Alfred Prufrock battles with his identification in the world. T. S. Eliot comprises this character with traits that any human macrocosm can relate to, like fear and zest, while ironically depicting the character as a monster. This dueling monster lives in spite of appearance Prufrock. His desire to be authorized is bogged down by his unworthy self-esteem because of his lack of human relationships. Prufrock is a relatable character at best, but his self-image ruins his potential of connecting with otherwise people.Some scholars believe that Prufrock is yearning for a long lost be intimater throughout his esteem song, but most evidence shows that he is in confliction with himself. Sistani writes Internal Anxieties and Conflicts in The LOVE vociferation of J. ALFRED PRUFROCK and states that Prufrock is searching for a female go to bedr in his expression of A Love Song. Sistani believes that J. Alfred is experiencing internal conflict nigh a love source and the need of comfort through a relationship with a nonher woman. This interpretation produces irony continuously established throughout the poem because Prufrock does not until now love himself.Sistani explains this insecurity by analyzing, The article concludes that the male characters anxieties and conflicts are all the results of a past unsatisfactory mothering situation during his childhood, (Sistani 478). This accusation is do from empty evidence that he desires a womans affection simply because he did not ever have it. This shows that J. Alfred Prufrock is in a normal pattern of looking for love in all the wrong places. This interpretation by Sistani suggests that J. Alfred is speaking out in the desire for a loving partner.Sadly, Prufrocks relationship with his mother was disappointing and unfulfilling, therefore he longs for aboutone to fill this place. Unfortunately, his lack of lo ve and acceptance for himself disables him from relating and loving or even accepting others. Prufrock speaks of attending a party in which none of the women are good enough for him. He talks of their skirts hitting the floor and is infatuated by the women, but then(prenominal) ironically changes his viewpoint stating, And I have known the eyes already, known them all- The eyes that fix you in a ormulated phase, And when I am formulated, Sprawling on a pin, When I am pinned and wriggling on the wall, Then how should I begin? (Gwynn 623). Prufrock is explaining how women prevent him from being his true self. How the presence of them makes him feel like an biting louse being pinned on the wall examined and preserved for humans to review and criticize. He deems the question of how to begin the expression of self when all women seem to want is a fixed idea of what a man should be, and that is not what J.Alfred is. Sistani evaluates As a dependent character with not good enough mother ing, Prufrock, like a child, is incessantly imparting to attach to an away loved object to achieve support and gratification. This need for attachment, to relate to the desired object is constant in Prufrock, (Sistani 481). The poem in itself is a projection of how Prufrock views himself in comparison to how the reader or another person would view him. He projects only what he wants to be known, and leaves the rest as mystery.He purposefully reveals only what he is comfortable revealing, which will never lead to a sustainable relationship. Sistani concludes in her article, Prufrock, with unresolved internal conflicts and anxieties still dreams of the women to attach to in order to fulfill the need for security and comfort, (Sistani 481). This analysis believes that Prufrock himself feels he will not be able to fully express himself or be accepted without a female partner to lovingly accept him first. Unfortunately and ironically, the cycle persists because J.Alfred Prufrock does not ever have the epiphany that his entire misery is derived from his lack of confidence and love for himself, not from a lack of an immaterial object or person. On the other hand, Human Voices in Silent Seas A Reading on Eliots Love Song by Videnov uses a psychoanalytic approach to interpret the poem sang by J. Alfred Prufrock. She expands on his internal conflict of worthiness. Throughout the poem, Prufrock battles with the earth and private sides of himself, and whether his thoughts and feelings are worthy of expression.Videnov explains this contrast in character by stating, Through jarring and easy transitions, Eliot contrasts the privacy of observation, insight, and dream with the social functioning of man, his estimate by others, and his appraisal of himself as reflected in the eyes (55), thoughts, and words of others. (Videnov, Valentin A. , 126). Videnov also analyzes the internal and external influences on J. Alfred Prufrocks psyche. The internal conflict that J. Alfred Prufrock exhibits throughout his love song is evident in his lack of self-confidence that leads to a feeling of dis participation with the human population.On one hand, Prufrock expresses the desire to cultivate a relationship with the external world, or a lover yet on the other hand, he lets his insecurities define him and refuses to let himself engage in relationships with other people. Videnov explains this by describing Prufrocks quest, a quest for belonging, the examination of which could yield the message of the poem and the ultimately optimistic idea of love, as the title suggests, lurking behind the apparently tragic finale, (Videnov, Valentin A. , 126).This statement establishes the irony in the desire to fulfill a journey of love, yet the inevitable misery Prufrock lives. The psychoanalytical dynamic of the ego and the true self is brought through in Prufrocks character. T. S. Eliot repeatedly uses the pronouns, you and I, to describe this relationship of the ego and true self that Prufrock experiences. In the interpretation of Human Voices in Silent Seas A Reading on Eliots Love Song, Videnov declares that these two entities are both representative of J. Alfred Prufrock himself. You represents the public face of Alfred J.Prufrock, the ego and I represents the true self, the self that wants to be expressed but is prevented by Prufrocks fear and insecurity. The opposing characters within Prufrock are further extended through the symbols of afternoon and evening. The imagery of afternoon is a representation of the light, the desire to express, and the need for connection. The evening represents a shadower, or comfort in the habitual pattern of the introverted mind and its self-destructive thoughts. Prufrock expresses his mental state when he says, the evening sleeps so peacefully. (Gwynn 624) In saying this, Prufrock is confirming within himself his comfort in the thought pattern of darkness. This leads him to question, Would it have been worthwhile ? (Gwynn 625), referring to the desired human connection he wants deep down. He truly believes that expression of the self and what he, as an individual has to say and share, are not going to be accepted by others. Because of his fear of expression, the singer sings a song of love, but predominately and more ironically, a song of sadness. He has continued his pattern of introversion to such an extreme that he suffers from continual loneliness and disassociation.He proves this dissociation when he ends the poem with an insight of his fantasy world of mermaids where he retreats, when he is lonely. He looks upon the beautiful creatures in awe of their merge world yet wont even allow himself to be happy in his fantasy. He states this saying, I do not think that they will sing to me, (Gwynn 625). This prevents him from dreaming himself to a healthy and loving relationship with himself, or anyone else. The lines let us go (Gwynn 622) used repeatedly are incredibly substantive in this p oem. Us being the internal representation of the two conflicting sides that exist within Prufrock, as he yearns for release of this horrible cycle. What J. Alfred Prufrock does not control is that every individual goes through this experience of questioning self worth. The underlying ironic theme of this poem is the relation of the reader to Prufrock himself. This is a cry of the main character to emerge from the inner seclusion that he feels a bonding of the afternoon and evening, the light and dark, inner and outer a battle for the merging of duality to become a union.In an overwhelming question in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock by Xue, the main question that J. Alfred Prufrock is consistently in conflict with is whether or not to reveal his true self. Prufrocks dueling character is established through the language of the poem. The internal conflict of Prufrock is addressed through repetitive language. Prufrock is trying to express some deeper philosophical insight or disi llusionment with society, but fears rejection. (Xue 79). This fear causes his misery. Prufrocks character is dominated by his uncertainty.The repetition of the lines, there will be time, (Gwynn 622) pose irony in the poem. Prufrock is hopeful that he will be able to truly open up to the world in time, yet currently he is perpetuating his cycle of loneliness by assuming that these desires will naturally unfold without regarded effort. Xue states this in saying, The phrase There will be time, repeated five quantify between lines 23 and 36, represents his hesitation and delay, in order to conceal his inner anxiety to the world, (Xue 80).Essentially, Prufrock is only happy when he is alone with his thoughts because there are no external influences to judge him, yet this is also his cause of misery. Irony is also addressed in the you and I (Gwynn 621) characterization of Prufrock. Xue states the psychoanalytical interpretation of these pronouns, In the poem, Prufrock is shared out in two selves. One is persuading Prufrock to ask the overwhelming question, while the other is trying to prevent it, (Xue 82). Prufrocks soul really desires is the opposite of what it endures. At the root of his inability to express is his insecurity.Prufrock asks, Do I dare Disturb the Universe? (Gywnn 623) which is direct evidence that Prufrock has serious lack of self-confidence. J. Alfred directly articulates his anxiety about interaction by describing his unappealing physical attributes. He quivers in the thought, With a bald spot in the middle of my hair- They will say How his hair is increase thin (Gwynn 623). This statement is directly in connection with Prufrocks physical insecurity, as well as his emotional insecurity because of his self-image. He uses this as an still for his anti-social behavior.He manifests this negative expression of self by bolding stating that if he were to share with another he would, Die with a dying fall, (Gywnn 623). This self-conscious attitude and fear of being mocked for this truth is the entire reason for J. Alfred Prufrocks cyclical misery. He does not love himself therefore, he cannot find or receive or the love of another. If he never learns to share his truth, he will never understand the beauty of human connection. The reality of how much Prufrock shares about himself is shown in the line, To prepare to adopt the faces that you meet to murder to create, (Gwynn 622).The real self or I, as Videnov described in Human Voices in Silent Seas, is lost or murdered in society to create a false self or alter ego that functions in society. Another line stating this ego-oriented society and repeating the symbol of darkness reads, the evening spread out against the sky, (Gwynn 622) which refers to the apparent darkness of all humans all hidden under the masks of ego. Yet, if J. Alfred Prufrock understands this is a battle of every individual, he would be able to relate. In conclusion, it is J. Alfred Prufrocks choice to live in misery.If he were open to see himself as a mirror image of others he would invite that every individual has insecurities of their own. Therefore, I agree with scholars Videnov and Xue in the psychoanalytical approach to J. Alfred Prufrock battling with his own ego versus the exploration and expression of his true self. If he deemed himself worthy of external expression then he would finally be able to share in love with himself and in turn, the rest of humanity. Works Cited Gwynn, R. S. Literature A pouch Anthology. 5th. New York Pearson Education, Inc. , 2012. 21-625. Print. Videnov, Valentin A. Human Voices In Silent Seas A Reading Of Eliots Love Song. Explicator 67. 2 (2009) 126-130. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. Sistani, Roohollah Reesi. Internal Anxieties And Conflicts In The LOVE SONG Of J. ALFRED PRUFROCK. European Journal Of tender Science 17. 4 (2010) 478-489. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Nov. 2012. Xue, Haiqin. On An Overwhelming Question In The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock. Canadian Social Science 5. 2 (2009) 79-82. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2012.

Diabetes Mellitus-Shared Care Model and ICT

The world is fast changing the pace of events is massive. The apparently big world is shrinking into a global vill eld as majority rule spreads, western civilizations encroach on other civilizations and globalization bends a ho single-valued functionhold idea. Technological advancements and improvements in the tuition and confabulation technology fill perverted in all spheres of human endeavor. While this is happening on one hand, wellness bang delivery has not improved significantly. Many patients and clients complain of the lack of coordination in the wellness sector they are not happy about the reduced utility derived from health sympathize with facility they patronize. in that deference is a growing reduction in progeny of competent staff as well as insufficient fund for the health sector. These factors have made it necessary to assess the impact of nurture and communication technology on health care help. This need has become more important for chronic disease where collaboration between health care service runrs is important. And with increasing incidence of chronic diseases and their attendant complications, this need cannot be overemphasized. Besides, the cost of managing some of the chronic diseases, for example diabetes, epilepsy and seizure disorders, with the traditional method is reasonably high.The aspect ICT brings is improved quality of care due to collaboration between health care workers through a comprehensive shared care body adequately powered by ICT solutions and reduced overall cost for the management of chronic diseases care diabetes. In this paper, diabetes is the focus chronic disease. I will attempt to evaluate the requirements for an Irish ICT system to supply the model of shared care. However, a brief review of diabetes mellitus and shared care will be undertaken to unravel areas of focus for ICT intervention.Diabetes mellitus go over Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of chronic hyperglycemia due to relative or absol ute insulin deficiency, resistance or both. It affects over 100million people worldwide. Diabetes is mutually irreversible, and patients can have a reasonably normal lifestyle however its later complications which include macrovascular disease lead to increased risk of develop coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular resistance and microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy.In a normal person, the source glucose concentration is narrowly temperled in order to prevent the devastating complications that may number reduced or increased business glucose concentration. This normal glucose level is 80-90mg/100ml or 3. 5-5. 0mmol/l. This concentration usually increased to 120-140mg/100ml during the first hour after a glucose meal. The feedback utensil of the body is alerted to reduce this level to tolerable levels by the body by the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage under hormonal influence particularly insulin.However, in th e self-restraint state, glucose is produced from glycogen and other substrates and released into the blood to maintain the blood glucose concentration. The various mechanisms for achieving this level of glucose fancy are as a burden of hormonal influence, the activities of organs such as liver, skeletal muscle and the particular glucose concentration. The liver is a major metabolic organ that is important in the blood glucose buffer system this is done by the storage of glycogen formed from glucose under the influence of insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, in the liver.It also releases glucose into the blood in the fasting state. Insulin and glucagon function as important feedback control systems for maintaining a normal blood glucose concentration. When the glucose concentration rises too high, insulin is secreted from the Islet cells of Langerhans, the endocrine portion of the pancreas the insulin in turn causes the blood glucose concentration to decrease toward normal . Conversely a decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates glucagon secretion the glucagon then functions in the opposite direction to increase the glucose concentration toward normal.Under most normal conditions, the insulin feedback mechanism is much more important than the glucagon mechanism, but in instances of starvation or excessive utilization of glucose during exercise and other nerve-racking situations, the glucagon mechanism also becomes valuable. Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by either lack of insulin secretion or decreased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin.It could be aboriginal or secondary primary diabetes is inherent while secondary diabetes can be due to Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, cystic fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, malnutrition-related pancreatic disease, pancreatectomy, and hereditary hemochromatosis, carcinoma of the pancreas, thiazide diuretic use, corticosteroid therapy, atypi cal antipsychotics, congenital lipodystrophy and acromegaly. There are two general characters of diabetes mellitus Type I diabetes also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IDDM this is caused by lack of insulin secretion.Type II diabetes, also called non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus NIDDM is caused by decreased sensitivity of target tissues to the metabolic effect of insulin. This reduced sensitivity to insulin is often referred to as insulin-resistance. The basic effect of insulin lack or insulin resistance on glucose metabolism is to prevent the efficient uptake and utilization of glucose by most cells of the body, except those of the brain. As a result, blood glucose concentration increases, cell utilization of glucose travel increasingly lower and utilization of fats and proteins increases.Injury to the beta cells of the pancreas or diseases that impair insulin production can lead to type I diabetes. IDDM is immune-mediated and has been associated with other auto immune conditions like pernicious anaemia, alopecia areata and Hashimoto disease. Viral infections or autoimmune disorders may be involved in the destruction of beta cells in many patients with type I diabetes, although genetic endowment also plays a major role in determining the susceptibility of the beta cells to destruction by these insults. HLA-DR3 or DR4 is found in more than 90% of patients.In some instances, there may be a hereditary tendency for beta cell degeneration even without viral infections or autoimmune disorders. The usual onset of type I diabetes occurs is less than 30 years this is why it is called juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. Type II diabetes mellitus is caused by diminished sensitivity of target tissues to the metabolic personal effects of insulin, a condition referred to as insulin resistance. This syndrome, like Type I diabetes mellitus is associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities although high levels of keto-acids are usually not present in type I I diabetes mellitus.Type II diabetes mellitus is far more common that type I, accounting for 80-90% of all cases of diabetes mellitus. In most of these cases, the onset of type II diabetes mellitus occurs after age 40. There is usually no immune disturbance. Therefore, this syndrome is often referred to as adult-onset diabetes mellitus. uncomplainings with diabetes present with acute manifestations which include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss and ketonuria they also present with subacute symptoms like lethargy, reduced exercise tolerance, vulvar pruritus, and visual disturbance.They also could also present with some of the complications of the disease such as staphylococcal disease, retinopathy, polyneuropathy, erectile disfunction and peripheral neuropathy. Investigations that are necessary in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus include fasting plasma glucose 7. 0mmol/l, random plasma glucose 11. 1mmol/l routine investigations include urinalysis for protein and acetone, profici ent blood count, urea and electrolytes, liver biochemistry and random lipids. Management of diabetes mellitus avenue for shared care The management of diabetes required alliance participation and patient education.The importance of glycemic control in the management of diabetic patient cannot be overemphasized patient should adequately understand the favorable outcome associated with good glycemic control, the implication and concomitant complications that may result from poor plasma control. This is the core of self management of diabetes. Patient should also know the dietary requirement and comply with/adhere to drug use. Besides this self-care, confederacy care is very essential as this constitutes family and general practitioner care. There is monitoring of patients compliance to medicaments and dietary advice.Essentially, the management of diabetes is multidisciplinary dieticians, cardiologist, ophthalmologists, neurologists, internal treat physicians, endocrine experts. The re is growing need to integrate this range of practitioners. Metabolic control of diabetes can be tested by urine tests, home blood glucose testing and glycosylated hemoglobin. Urine tests are carried using dipsticks these methods are simple and give a good feedback on the blood glucose control. Patients can also be taught finger-prick and use blood glucose monitoring device to measure blood glucose.They can then interact with specialist through appropriate communication facility for automated programming and medication. Epidemiologically, there are 200,000 persons in Ireland with diabetes this figure represents 3-5% of western populations. It is estimated to double by 2010. It consumes 10% of total health budgets. About 350 million annual cost is pass in Ireland where 59% of which is spent treating complications 50 countries endorsed measures to reduce diabetes complications by one-third dual-lane Care What is shared care?Shared care is a concept where all the professionals invo lved in the management of a case collaborate by exchanging information on the patients care. In this way, patient also has input into the care because his/her self-management better informed from the avalanche of information provided by the care communicate. Shared care is an approach to care where professionals share joint responsibility with respect to an separates care using their skills and knowledge. It also talks about adequate monitoring and exchange of patient entropy indoors the limits of confidentiality and privacy.Shared care is both general and local it collaborates the systems involved while there is local interaction between clinicians. Shared care impacts on the iron triangle of health. This triangle includes quality, access and cost. Shared care improves quality of patient care for patients with composite chronic disease like diabetes. There is increased access to patient information by health care professionals, and the patient can also easily access the profe ssionals especially when the shared system is backed up by information and communication technology. Patient is also fulfil with the service rendered.This model has been suggested to be better than the conventional method of preaching afforded to patients. The treatment is appropriate because the health care givers agree on best available method based on evidence-practice. Competence is also guaranteed and services are effective and efficient. On the hand, there is improved provider atonement because there is reduced contact with the utilization of tertiary level of health care service. Definitions of terms Self-management this is about goal-setting. It is the core of self management about medication and body care.diabetic patients need to understand the implication of self care to monitor the progress of symptoms and emergence of complications. Home care monitoring is also very utilizable because it helps patients to monitor their response to treatment and glycemic control. Pre vention primary prevention is important to reduce the possibility of a worsening condition especially for patients with multiple complex co-morbidities. Community of practice this refers to the people involved in the share care. They include providers and organisations, citizens and patients with families and support groups.Models of shared care shared care is found in indigenous Care which is the emphasis of The European Forum for Primary Care (EFPC), Secondary Care, Community Based Care and mental health. The focus of shared care includes inter-professional relations and patient management. Inter-professional relations include collaborative provision of clinical services, communication and information exchange, use of treatment and referral guidelines, shared responsibility for patient care, regular opposite contact, and joint professional education. Patient Management is based on individual patient goals.It includes patient and family in the decision reservation protocol of man agement and patient-centered focus. There is no rigid working modality with shared care, increased patient access to care reduced fragmentation of care and increased consolidation and doggedness of care. There is a strong link at all levels of health sector-improved working relationships between providers and improved satisfaction among patients and providers. Diabetes-shared care-ICT solutions There is no doubt that information and communication technology is inevitable in the management of chronic diseases like diabetes.In order to set-up an Irish ICT unit for diabetes, the requirements will be considered within the limit of the community of practice which includes providers and organization, citizens and patients. The concept of ICT solutions is branded as eHealth. It is a promising field that will incorporate all the professionals who are directly and indirectly involved in the management of a case to properly integrate their knowledge and skills for the appropriate care of a diabetic patient while making the emphasis glycemic control convenient for providers and patients.It is imperative to elucidate the aspect of health care that are relevant to ICT input the idea of ICT use is to integration of information to improve access. This implies that patients information are made available at a common centre and accessible to the patient, their health care providers and researchers. The components include Clinical database this contains the information of patient. There is a central repository of health care information of the patient. It includes the electronic patient record which is but a segment of the repository.For diabetics, the information about their presentations, clinical features, investigations, treatment plans and modalities are combined, classified and ordered in accessible manner at the clinical database centre. This database centre is secured as the confidentiality and privacy of the patients data has to be maintained. It is also prevented fr om use by third parties unless there is due consent by the patient. This central unit is fed by local diabetes databases from local hospitals. The data is made accessible to general practitioners, community health care providers and patients. finish support tool this is second important part of ICT solutions in shared care for diseases including diabetes. It contains narrow down information guide for experts and simple algorithms of decisions for patients. Specific Requirements Providers and organization The tools that are required to have an effective shared care plan for diabetes includes Internet the internet has become the most influential means of connecting people, and exchanging information in this age. It is wherefore unequivocal that it is useful in health information systems to achieve a collaborative network of professionals who care for diabetic patients.A large bandwidth is required for the volume of information that is processes, exchanged and implemented in shared c are practice for diabetic patients. Interprofessional Communication systems Diabetic care requires effective interdisciplinary communication so that management decision is both cost-effective and evidenced based. A huge communication network is therefore required. Mobile and wireless Infrastructure these also form ICT tools which are used in database processing, exchange and monitoring, they are required in order to facilitate the integration of the patient, and more importantly improves providers access to informationData storage since clinical database is an integral part of ICT solutions for shared care plan for diabetics. Data must be stored in a way that is accessible to providers. This implies that strict measures and guidelines must be in place to ensure the database is well-structured. Intelligence systems Websites must be secured. Database must be protected from misdemeanour by third party parties. Patients data must be confidential and kept private and guideline of medica l ethics with respect to this must be maintained. Therefore a sophisticated intelligence network is imperative to accomplish this gargantuan task.E-learning for medical education there is need to provide facility for providers for training and retraining. They need to update their knowledge base so that thy can offer quality service to clients. This can be achieved by making such up-to-date information available through an accessible means, for instance, the internet. Medicolegal/Ethic Issues ICT input into health care must be maintained within the limits of ethical guidelines and mediolegal regulations for data management, exchange and implementation. It addresses problems of public interest, patient autonomy, third party involvement and international regulation against threats.Citizens and Patients The requirements for the patients include E-learning device for the patient this will instruct patient the modus operandi of the collaborative health information system, their role and why it is important they adopt it. It will also give useful information about diabetes. Decision support tools this should contain factual information that can guide the patient to make informed choice with respect to their management. Patient home management this includes clinical signs monitoring, automated scheduling and medication.It also comprises access to health educators and professionals. Areas of ICT use have been well documented in the literature they are basically Teleconsultation this is a genial of telemonitoring between patient and caregiver via phone, email, automated messaging tools and the internet Videoconferencing this is face-to-face contact via such equipments as television, digital camera, videophone to connect between caregivers and patients. Both have proven useful in diabetic care. And this is widely reported in many papers from across the world. Issues and challengesHaving elucidates the conditions above in terms of providers and patients it is needful t o cursorily mention that certain issues must be considered before initiating and implementing ICT input into shared care for diabetes. These include ? Confidentiality compromise ? Security breaches ? Territoriality and power status amongst health care providers ? Cost of ICT requirements ? Medicolegal issues These challenges will adversely affect ICT adoption for shared car in diabetes if ignored. They can be addressed by ? Adequate backing of the disgorge by government.Intensive training for users and health care professionals ? Consensus on the modus operandi amongst health care service providers ? Intensive research into ICT implications in health care, patients behavior, pragmatism of project plan. Conclusion The impact of ICT on shared care plan for diabetes is indispensable. There are improved collaboration amongs health care workers and patients are ultimately satisfied with the service they get. The requirements for Irish ICT have been elucidated and concomitant issues exp lained. It is my hope that this will be adopted and health care service will subsequently improve.